f,dafla ysgmq oreKqu ñksiaiq 10Thd,d okakjd fï f,dafla ysgmq oreKqu ñksiaiq 10 .ek ta lshkafka ta ñksiaiq 10 fldÉpr oreKq we;so fkao tykï wms n,uq ta lÜáh .ek
1' yka jxYfha weá,d'
yka wêrdcHfha kdhlhd jYfhka l%sia;= j¾Y 434 isg 453 olajd fudyq n,fha ysáhd' fudyqf.a md,kh hqfrdamfha úYd, m%foaYhl me;srekd' ta hqr,a kÈfha isg rhska kÈh olajd;a vekshqí kÈfha isg fnda,aála uqyqo olajd;a we;s m%foaYh' frdaudkq wêrdcHh mqrd ñksiqka oyia .Kkla urKhg m;a lrmq weá,d wêrdcHhdj “foúhkaf.a li myr” hk kñka m%isoaO jqkd' wka;sfïÈ fldkaia;ka;sfkdam,h yd frdauh hg;a lr.kak neß jqk;a frdaudkq wêrdcHh f.dvla wirK ;;ajhlg m;a lrmq oreKq flfkla yeáhg fudyqj ye¢kafjkjd'
2' bä wñka'
“o ,diaÜ lsx.a T*a iafldÜ,kaâ” lshk fyd,sjqâ Ñ;%mgfhka kQ;k f,dalfha ckm%sh jqk bä wñka hq.ekavd j, ;=kajk ckdêm;s yeáhg lghq;= l,d' fudyqf.a wudkqYsl md,k l%u hgf;a 100"000 yd 500"000 w;r Ôú; .Kkla úkdY jQ njg úYajdi lrkjd' udkj whs;sjdislï b;du;a oreKq úÈyg lv lrmq bä wñkaf.a md,k ld,fhaÈ mjd hq.ekavdj tlai;a cd;skaf.a udkj whs;sjdislï ms,sn| fldñifï idudðlfhla yeáhg lghq;= l,d'
3' fmd,a fmdÜ'
leïfndaähdfõ oreKqu ck>d;hg j.lsh hq;= mqoa.,hd jQfha fmd,a fmdÜ' flu¾ rEÊ lshk oreKq iudcjd§ mlaIfha kdhlhd yeáhg 1963 isg 1981 olajd l%shd lf,;a fudyq' leïfndaähdfõ w.kqjr ;uka hg;g .ekSfuka miq k.rfha Ôj;ajqk ck;dj .ï j,g msgqjy,a lr,d n,y;aldrfhka iudcjd§ iduqysl Ôj;aùfï l%uhlg fudyq mqreÿ l,d' fudyqf.a md,k iufha§ leïfndaähdfõ ck.ykfhka 25% la" ñ,shk 1;a 3;a w;r ñksiqka m%udKhla" urKhg m;a jqkd'
4' fcka.sia ldka'
l%sia;= j¾Y 1162 fguqðka lshk kñka bmÿk fudyq fcka.sia ldka lshk ku ,nd .;af;a W;=re wdishdfõ me;sÍ ysgmq fkdaueâ f.da;% tlai;a lsÍfuka wk;=rejhs' fudka.,a wêrdcHfha kdhlhd f,i hqf¾Yshdj hg;a lr.ekSfï§ ñ,shk .Kkl ck.ykhla fudyq úkdY l,d' fudkaf.da,shdj yd g¾lsh jeks rgj,a j, fudyq ùrfhla yeáhg m%isoaO jqkdg ueo fmrÈ. ck;djg fudyq b;d wudkqYsl oreKq mqoa.,fhla' fudyq w;ska ñ,shka 10;a 15;a w;r mqoa.,hka m%udKhla urKhg m;ajqkd' ta brdk ck.ykfhka ;=kald,la muK' ;jo fudyq kQ;k Ökh" yxf.aßhdj" fmd,ka;h" hqfla%kh" fldßhdj jeks rgj,;a m%pKav l%shd úYd, jYfhka isÿ l,d'
5' oreKq bjdka'
1547;a 1587;a w;r reishdfõ wêrdcHhd jYfhka lghq;= l, fudyq “o fgßn,a” kñka m%isoaOhs' kuq;a iuyr kQ;k b;sydi{hka úYajdi lrkafka bjdka rfÜ lrmq fjkialï reishdfõ ÈhqKqjg fya;= jqkd lsh,d' bjdkag udkisl wdndOhla ;sínd' ta ksid Tyqg ;ry md,kh lsÍfï yelshdjla ;sífí keye' tl wjia:djl fudyq ;ukaf.au mq;dj >d;kh l,d' Tyq jhig hoaÈ Tyqf.a wdndOh;a áflka ál oreKq jqkd' 1565§ Tyq reishdfõ m,uq ryia fmd,sish ks¾udKh l,d'fï ryia fmd,sish u.ska fudyq 1570§ reishdfõ fkdõf.dfrdâ k.rfha ñksiaiqka oy oyia .kka urKhg m;a l,d'ta rg mdjd §fï jrog'
6' ud´ fifvdka.a'
20 jk ishjfia b;d jeo.;a pß;hla fjk fudyq Ökfha wd¾:slh j¾;udkfha wms olsk ÈhqKq ;;ajhg m;a lsÍug l%shd l,d' kuq;a Tyqf.a md,k iufha§ udkj whs;sjdislï lvlsÍï yd n,y;a ldrfhka ñksiqkaf.ka jev .ekSu jeks oreKq l%shd;a isÿjqkd' fudyqf.a md,k ld,fh§ iajdndúl wdmod jf.au fudyqf.a l%shd ksid b;sydifha úYd,u ÿ¾NSlaIh we;sjqkd' fï fya;= ksid mqoa.,hka ñ,shk 40;a 70;a w;r m%udKhla urKhg m;a jqkd'
7' kSfrda'
frdauh .sKs.ksoa§ i;=gq jqk frdaudkq wêrdcHh f,i m%isoaO fudyq frdau b;sydifha isá oreKqu md,lfhla' ;udf.a wïuf.a urKhg;a wK ÿkakq fudyq ;udg wjYHh foam, ,nd .ekSug uqÆ frdau k.rhu .sKs ;shkak;a wK l,d' l%sia;shdkskaj b;d wudkqYslj urKhg m;a l, fudyq" Tjqkaj ;udf.a f.j;a; t,s.kajkak myka úÈyg f;,a j,ska kdj,d .sKs ;sínd'
8'õ,eâ'
v%elshq,d pß;h Wm; ,enqfõ õ,eâ lshk b;d l=ßre mqoa.,hdf.ka' fudyq kef.kysr hqfrdamfha l%sia;shdkskaj wdrlaYd lsßfï yuqodjla jqk “´¾v¾ T*a o v%e.kaia” j, idudðlfhla' 1456 isg 1462 olajd kQ;k frdfïkshdj md,kh l, fudyq ;ukaf.a y;=rkaj ,Shlg iú lr,d jO yskaid § urKhg m;a lsÍug m%isoaOhs' fï l%ufhka fudyq ñksiaiq 40"000;a 100"000 w;r m%udKhla urKhg m;a l,d' Bg wu;r fmdä
9'wefvd,a*a ysÜ,¾
1939§ fojk f,dal hqoaOh mgka.;a wefvd,a*a ysg,¾ f,dafla ysgmq oreKqu mqoa.,hka w;r by< ;ekla .kakjd' kÜisjdoh hgf;a hqfoõjre oi oyia .Kkla b;du;a wudkqYsl úÈyg úkdY lsÍug fudyq iu;a jqkd' hqfoõjre ñ,shka 6lg jvd m%udKhla fï wdldrhg jdhq l=àr j,g mK msáka od,d urKhg m;a l,d' fudyq fï ishÆ foa lf,a c¾uksh kej; n,j;a rdcHhla njg m;a lsÍfï wêIagdkfhka'
10' fcdai*a iagd¾,ska
reishdj ld¾ñlrKh jQ wd¾:slhla njg m;a jQfha iagd¾,skaf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a' kuq;a fï ld,fha§ Tyq hgf;a ysgmq ck;dj f.dvla jo úkaod' Tyqf.a lDIsld¾ñl m%;sm;a;s hgf;a 1932 isg 1933 olajd hqfla%kh jeks rgj,a j, úYd, id.;hla we;sjqkd' fï ksid iuyr wïu,d ;ukaf.a